Keeping The Environment Clean Essay

There are trees,herbal plants flower,waterfalls,forests,mountains,water,airetc.Every people can’t live without this environment.All of us want this environemnt to spend our life.So we get many things from environment.Example water,trees,airetc.If you clean this surroundings all of us can healthy and strong life.So we must clean our environment.But today’s population are increasing.These population live with environment.So day by day,the people destroy this environemnt.Specially,I want to tell about the air pollution.In our country,have many industries.So this industries throw chemicals and vassels.In this case,collect lot of carbendioxide air then pollute environment.So many people put garbages to the water.Some times this activity do industries.They put their garbage,chemicals to this water.We can get many information regarding this from T.V and newspapers.So what happend this case pollute the water.Many time the fishes are killed.It will be poisonous.And also many peo ple set fire to chena cultivating.It pollutes the enviroment .We can see so many garbages on road sides.Villager collect the garbages and they use these garbages as their plants.So if you pollute this enironment we will notbe able to grow foods.So we will decide not to pollute the environment.I grew up in a environment where pollution, disease, and other problems are a big issue. Cars and factories release greenhouse gasses into the air, and forests are being cut down. In other countries, many people are behind on cures for diseases. Many people talk about how the polar ice caps are melting and the ozone layer depleting. An Inconvenient Truth opened my eyes to see how today’s technology and garbage affect these environmental disasters, and I want to do something about it. I do some things to make myself more environmentally friendly. I walk to school instead of driving because I live about two blocks away. I also take the bus when I go downtown or my friend’s house. When I need to get somewhere and many people are going, I carpool with some friends. I recycle any cardboard boxes and milk cartons, and I reuse water bottles and fill them with filtered tap water instead of buying more water. I take short showers and I don’t leave the facet on when I am brushing my teeth. At school, I am constantly learning about the environment and how we ar e affecting it. I noticed recycle and compost bins in the cafeteria and an old Asian woman picking up cans and bottles in the gym. In the A.P. Environmental Science  class, I see how other third world countries are less fortunate than us and how we just dump our trash in their countries. We need to find a way to use less resources and produce less trash so other countries can improve their standard of living. During the summer of 2008, I was a intern at North East Medical Services (NEMS), which is a clinic near Chinatown. I worked as a lab technical assistant and they had strict safety regulations. I always had to wash my hands and wear latex gloves because I was transporting blood samples. My mentor told me that a clean work place reduces the chance of people spreading any diseases. He also told me that many people are ill because their houses or work places are unsanitary. A clean environment is good for everyone, but we are far from one. If we continue what we are doing, most of our natural resources would be gone and our future generations would have nothing to survive on. We should focus more on renewable energy sources like the wind, sun, and maybe even rain instead of wasting all of our fossil fuels. We also need to do more with our trash instead of burning or burying it. I hope that if apply my studies to environmental problems and coming up with a solution to them, I can help make a better future for everyone.

Organizational Behavior Theories Taxonomy

Running Head: Taxonomy Taxonomy Anonymous Grand Canyon University Management 415 March 22, 2010 Management Theory Taxonomy Leadership qualities dated back to (315-311 BC) – Seleukos conquers and unites Roman and Persian empire by leading his troops ethically, with respect for diversity, social responsibility and organizational culture. Management Foundation- Scientific management 1. Frederick W. Taylor (1911) – Time study: to analyze motional task and develop the most efficient ways to perform them. Reduce job to basic physical motions. Principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the company and maximum prosperity for the employee. 2. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth – Motion studies to observe motions workers make to simplify job. 3. Henri Fayol (1916) – Administrative Principles – believed management could be taught †¢ Foresight – complete plan of action for the future †¢ Organization – resources to complete plan †¢ Command – lead, select and evaluate workers Coordination – diversity, information, solve problems †¢ Control – Ensure plan works and correct any negative action Bureaucratic Organization Max Weber – Organization is logic, orderly and has legitimate authority. †¢ Impersonal †¢ Career managers †¢ Clear division of labor †¢ Promotion based on merit †¢ Formal hierarchy of authority †¢ Written rules and standard procedures Behavior al Management Approaches Mary Parker Follett – Organization is community †¢ Every employee is an owner and has collective responsibility and input. The Hawthorne Studies (1924) – Scientific Management †¢ Determine economic incentives and physical conditions of the workplace affect the output of workers. †¢ Hawthorne Effect – Tendency or personas singled out for special attention to perform as expected. †¢ Human Relations movement (1050-1960) Managers using good human relations will achieve productivity Abraham Maslow – Maslow’s Theory of human needs – Managers who help people satisfy deprived needs at work will achieve productivity: †¢ Self-actualization †¢ Esteem †¢ Social †¢ Safety Physiological Douglas McGregor – McGregor’s theory X and Theory Y †¢ X – Assumes people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibly and prefer to be led. †¢ Y – Assumes people are willing to work, like responsibility, and are self directed and creative. †¢ Self-fulfilling prophecy – occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm another’s expectations. Chris Argyris – Theory of Adult Personality – Managers who treat people positively and as responsible adults will achieve the highest productivity. Modern Management Foundations Manage the organization from a broader perspective, coordinate central administration with its programs, engineering with manufacturing, supervisors with workers. Quantitative Analysis and Tools – mathematical forecasting of future projection †¢ Management science – systematically analyzed, appropriate mathematical models and computations are applied and optimum solution is identified. †¢ Operations research – testing and tweaking †¢ Operation management – Study of how organizations produce goods and services Organizations as systems System – Collection of interrelated parts working together for purpose †¢ Subsystems – Smaller component of larger system †¢ Open system – Interacts with the environment and transforms resource input into outputs. Contingency thinking – Match management practices with situational demands Quality Management †¢ Total quality management – Manage with organization-wi de commitment to continuous improvement, product quality, and customer needs †¢ Continuous improvement – Always searching for new ways †¢ ISO Certificate – Indicates conformance with a rigorous set of international quality standards Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning †¢ Use intellectual capital for competitive advantage †¢ Learning Organization – continuously changes and improves using the lessons of experience. The global economy our country’s market is engaged with requires that organization’s theories of management account for and help interpret the rapidly changing nature of today’s organizational environments.

Social Acceptances And Critical Thinking In Adolescents Education Essay

Critical thought is the attitude of being willing to see in a thoughtful manner the jobs that come within the scope of 1s experiences ; cognition of the methods of logical probe and logical thinking ; and some accomplishment in utilizing those methods ( Glaser, 1941 ) . Another definition of critical thought is a alone and calculated thought in which the mind consistently and normally inflicts standards and rational criterions upon the thought, taking charge of the construction of thought, steering the construction of the believing harmonizing to criterions, and mensurating the effectivity of the believing harmonizing to the intent, standards, and the criterions of thought ( Richard Paul, 1995 ) . Peter Facione ( 1990 ) stated: † We appreciate critical thought to be calculated, self-regulatory determination, which consequences in reading, analysis, rating, and illation, every bit good as justification of the evidentiary, theoretical, methodological, criteriological, or background considerations upon which that determination is based † . Facione went on to depict good critical minds as â€Å" habitually speculative, intelligent, trusting of ground, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in rating, honest in forepart of personal prejudices, careful in doing judgements, willing to reconsider, clear about jobs, orderly in complex affairs, hard-working is seeking relevant information, sensible in the choice of standards, focused in probe, and changeless in seeking consequences which are every bit precise as the topic and fortunes will let. † The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education in the UK provinces that a pupil should be able to do critical opinions and ratings as portion of their generic accomplishments ( The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2002 ) . Thinking is the most cardinal of adult male ‘s abilities. We are able to sort, analyze, generalize, deduce, induce, make determinations and work out jobs without holding been taught to believe officially. It might non needfully be true that being able to believe spontaneously would take to the ability to believe efficaciously and good. The basic issue that justifies the call for learning thought in schools is the grounds that after 11 old ages of schooling, many pupils are unable to use the content cognition acquired in school to real-world jobs. The concern sector is kicking about the quality of the alumnuss they received from the universities who sometimes could non even grok direction manuals, what more the manner a piece of equipment plants. In the instance of the United States, the diminution in the pupils ‘ thought competency was farther highlighted by the consequences of the National Assessments of Educational Progress. Teaching pupils to believe would intend to be tter the quality of their thought so that it would be consistent, productive, meaningful and effectual. The ability to believe critically and creatively becomes more important in the age of information and globalisation whereby persons have to screen through dozenss of information which is non needfully relevant. One of the challenges confronting Malaysia amidst its economic development is the accomplishment of a critical thought society. This would heighten and vouch the success of research and development plans in add-on to holding other socioeconomic effects. The Malayan Ministry of Education realized the above-named demands and had begun to slowly shoot the thoughts of critical and originative thought in the school system every bit early as in the late 1980s concurrent with the debut of the Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools ( KBSM ) as a mechanism to recognize the National Education Philosophy. The Ministry realized that the old course of study was non balanced and over-emphasized the rational facet more than the religious, emotional and physical facets. Although cognitive accomplishments were highlighted, they were merely those on the lower measure of Bloom ‘s categorization, which consist of the ‘lower order accomplishments ‘ . The KBSM was an betterment as it encourages treatment and enquiry. Some of the instruction schemes that it proposed were methods of find and enquiry, treatment, the Socratic method of oppugning and job work outing through the scientific method. The KBSM was to develop and heighten pup ils ‘ rational capacity with regard to rational, critical and originative thought. However, the greatest drift to stress the instruction of thought in the instruction system came after the Prime Minister unveiled his Vision2020 for the state in 1991. Malaysia ‘s Vision 2020 describes nine challenges confronting the state that aspires to develop holistically which includes development of the assorted dimensions such as economic sciences, societal, political relations, psychological science, religious, and cultural. Interestingly, one of the major challenges lies in furthering and developing a mature democratic society, practising a signifier of mature consensual, community-oriented Malayan democracy. To run into this challenge would necessitate Malaysians to believe positively, critically and creatively. The most important move made by the Ministry after the KBSM was the debut of the construct of the ‘smart school ‘ in 1997, whereby originative and critical thought would go one of its landmarks, the other being the focal point on the petition of informations and communicating engineerings in instruction and acquisition. The Ministry of Education and the Faculty of Education of public universities throughout the state mounted more research on the educating of critical and originative thought accomplishments, particularly in the 1990s. Unfortunately, this punctilious research were largely kept on the library shelves garnering more dust and was ne'er able to inform the practicians in the Ministry and schools. Therefore, practicians were unable to utilize research as a model for doing practical determinations. In the context of Malaysia, most of them either could non acquire entree to the relevant literature, do non possess the learning civilization for self-reformation, are excessively busy learning and fixing pupils for scrutiny or are self-satisfied with their patterns despite the worsening educational criterions. Eisner wrote on this phenomenon of educational research seldom informing educational pattern and suggested some alterations in attack that research workers need to set about if educational research desires to inform educational pattern. The Ministry of Education has conducted several undertakings and plans of believing accomplishments in schools through the Curriculum Development Centre ( CDC ) , and Teachers ‘ Education Division ( TED ) . They have besides conducted workshops and provided preparation to instructors. For case, the CDC conducted a pilot undertaking on believing accomplishments across the course of study in 1992/1993 in the territory of Gombak, Selangor. This undertaking involved 10 secondary schools and Form One teachers. The intent of this undertaking was to expose instructors to believing accomplishments, how to be after and fix instruction and acquisition stuffs, and formulate schemes for learning thought. At the terminal of this undertaking, instructors were found to hold that believing accomplishments were utile and should be taught in schools. They felt that due to the restraint of clip, the extract attack is most suited for learning thought. The Ministry introduced the Program for Instruction in Learning and Thinking Skills ( â€Å" PeningkatandanAsuhanDayaIntelek † ; PADI or PILTS ) in 1992. The chief focal point of the PILTS Program is the designation of a nucleus of relevant thought and larning accomplishments to be taught, integrating of these accomplishments in the content being learned, supplying appropriate instructions and rating of the accomplishments taught. The consciousness of a demand to learn believing earnestly in schools gained impulse when in 1993, Tan Sri Dr Wan ZahidMohamadNoordin the so Director-General of Education made it the duty of the learning profession to develop believing accomplishments in society through brooding enquiry. He asserts that â€Å" instructors must prosecute in brooding enquiry, transmit cognition, attitude, and accomplishments. They should develop believing accomplishments. The pupil should non merely be taught to reply inquiries, but besides to inquiry replies and to o ppugn inquiries † . † The Curriculum Development Centre even published a manual to explicate the construct, theoretical account and instruction schemes for learning critical thought accomplishments to instructors. ‘ A twelvemonth subsequently he announced that the chief mark of the Ministry of Education by the twelvemonth 2000 is to hold sixty per cent of the scrutiny inquiries to be of the â€Å" critical thought † nature. In fact the SijilPelajaran Malaysia ‘s History paper in 1994 had already used inquiries which require critical thought. Subsequently, in 1996 the Teacher Education Division ( TED ) of the Ministry of Education, introduced a class entitled â€Å" Critical and Creative Thinking Skills † in its Post-Degree Teaching Program ( KPLI ) . This class was an attempt to educate future instructors on how to learn believing accomplishments across the course of study. The TED besides introduced this topic for its in-service classs. The societal component in Kuhn ‘s ( 1991 ) definition refers to the treatment of thoughts with equals who are engaged in a collaborative procedure of cognition edifice. Research workers have argued that equal relationships are alone in their ability to supply the types of interactions that lead to the development of empathy, knowledge, and societal behavior ( Youniss, 1980 ) . Johnson and Johnson ( 1999 ) maintain that collaborative equal larning promotes greater conceptual development and consequences in greater enjoyment of the acquisition undertaking. Collaboration is thought to lend to higher order larning through cognitive restructuring or struggle declaration. Anderson, Howe, Soden, Halliday, and Low ( 2001 ) stated thatpeer communicating can hold a positive consequence on conceptual development as a map of conceptual struggle. However, in add-on they note that grounds besides exists ( Roazzi & A ; Bryant, 1998 ) for the positive effects of understanding. Many surveies have examined the effectivity of intercessions aimed at bettering critical thought accomplishments ( see Pithers and Soden, 2000 ) . These intercessions have included the construct of guided pattern ( Anderson et al. , 2001 ) and scaffolding ( Wood & A ; Wood, 1996 ) to guide pupils through the thought procedure by measuring their current degree of believing through duologue and so inquiring inquiries to travel them into the following degree. Other intercessions have involved the debut of equal interaction into critical thought undertakings in an effort to better pupils ‘ cognitive accomplishments in this country ( Anderson et al. , 2001 ; Schwartz, Neuman, Gil, & A ; Ilya, 2003 ) . Research by Anderson et Al. ( 2001 ) supported Kuhn ‘s ( 1991 ) suggestion that critical thought accomplishments, in peculiar evidence-based justification, can be improved with guided pattern. Their research involved vocational instruction pupils from Further Education colleges who were engaged in peer-based critiquing of each others ‘ undertaking proposals. It was found that face-to-face equal interaction was good in bettering critical thought accomplishments ; nevertheless, justification tended to be anecdotal in nature or based on personal experience, as opposed to justification utilizing research-based grounds. Ocker and Yaverbaum ( 1999 ) used a repeated-measures experimental design to compare pupil groups each of which teamed up on two instance surveies, one utilizing face-to-face association and the other utilizing asynchronous computing machine discoursing. Their findings indicated that tie ining in the on-line status was merely every bit successful as in the face-to-face status, in footings of acquisition, high quality of solution, solution content and pleasance with the solution. Newman, Webb, and Cochrane ( 1995 ) besides compared face-to-face groups with on-line groups, concentrating on the deepness of critical thought. They found grounds for critical thought in discourse from both face-to-face and computing machine conference seminars and their analysis showed similar deepnesss of critical thought in on-line treatment and face-to-face one. However, a greater proportion of new thoughts emerged in the face-to-face seminars, whereas more thoughts in the computing machine conferences were coded as of import, justified or linked together. Newman et Al. ( 1995 ) argued that the asynchronous environment discouraged pupils from brainstorming and lending new thoughts, but instead encouraged considered, good thought-out parts. Newman et Al. ( 1995 ) developed an extended content analysis technique, based on Garrison ‘s ( 1991 ) theoretical account of critical thought, to code the online and face-to-face parts of pupils on an Information Society faculty. However, they did non code every statement in the transcripts, pretermiting to number or code content that was deemed excessively subjective or interpretative for intending to be faithfully inferred. Therefore, their method of analysis involved sorting merely the obvious illustrations and disregarding content that could non be identified easy as belonging to a peculiar crit ical thought class. Statements were described as frequently demoing more than one index and there was no step of translator dependability as it was hard to clearly specify a unit of analysis. Therefore, the dependability of this method is questionable when trying to objectively measure the nature of educational discourse and the degree of critical thought in face-to-face treatment and online transcripts utilizing a quantitative content analysis technique. The critical thought accomplishments known by the board of experts were reading, analysis, appraisal, tax write-off, description, and self-regulation. If the degree of critical thought in adolescence pupils is measured, it is truly helpful to curriculum developer or who are in charge to educational policy to do the best determination for learning believing accomplishments. In the universe beyond the schoolroom, high school pupils are au naturel to powerful messages that confuse attempts to believe critically. The cardinal demand for critical thought in and beyond formal acquisition in mundane life, relationships, ethical picks, and in the saving and development of participatory democracies grows more and more evident ( Edwards, 2001 ; Halpern, 2003 ; Pithers, 2000 ) . The proliferation of information via the Internet will merely be managed efficaciously by persons with well-developed thought accomplishments. Critical thought used to be thought of as an rational exercising expected merely of an educated influential. This pattern of trusting on a little subdivision of the population to be the minds for society is superseded ( Hay, 2001 ) . Marshak ( 2003 ) writes: The public school system that we have today was constructed during the first two decennaries of the twentieth century. . .public schools were shaped to suit industrial theoretical accounts of efficient industry. One cardinal function for schools was screening kids harmonizing to their evident abilities and promoting many to fall out and travel to work every bit unskilled laborers. In add-on to the academic lower status of the schools that normally serve big alternate populations, economically hard-pressed and alternate households frequently lack the cognition or connexions with establishments that can ease entry into college or a occupational preparation plan, every bit good as possible support beginnings and career options ( Neill, 2003 ; Stanton-Salazar, 1997 ) . This deficiency of societal capital or entree to societal constructions in order to achieve a certain terminal well affects their future chances. It is truly pointed out how these pupils are farther disadvantaged when thei r school experience does non include the development of critical thought accomplishments like job resolution, determination devising, concluding through statement, and acknowledging ways in which they may avoid delicate irresistible impulse into a life style that is counterproductive to puting long-run purposes. High school pupils who do non divert a hereafter that includes station secondary instruction manner out the K-12 grapevine prior to graduation at a much higher rate than their privileged fellow pupils. A recent survey by the Urban Institute ( Orfield, Losen, Wald, & A ; Swanson, 2004 ) exposed that the national high school drop-out rate is far greater than the provinces ‘ self-reported rates. In California, the Numberss are peculiarly high, particularly among Afro-american and Hispanic pupils ; merely 57 % of African-Americans and merely 60 % of Latinos graduated in 2002, compared with 78 % of White pupils and 84 % of Asians. The branchings of such big Numberss of drop-outs for the person, their households, and society are profoundly dismaying as are the suggestions that pupils are being forced out by schools seeking higher duty trial tonss ( Harvard University, 2005 ) .Statement of ProblemIt is clear that adolescence is one of the most critical phases in homo ‘s life spa n. In this phase, they typically increase the sum of clip spent with their equals. Besides communicating with equals helps them to socialise in society, there are many knowledge accomplishments that may larn by equal interactions. Harmonizing to the cognitive theory striplings start to believe logically. They use theories and programs to work out their jobs, so it could be conveyed critical thought procedure Begin in adolescence. Although it is equivocal in which degree critical thought appear in this phase and does it be affected by societal elements. Furthermore limited research related to critical thought in adolescence was identified. since critical thought in adolescence is subject-specific ( Ennis, 1989 ; Facione, 1990 ; Tindal & A ; Nolet, 1995 ; Angeli, 1999 ; Halliday, 2000 ) , and they learn many accomplishments through communicating with equals and society so at that place seems to be a demand for a survey that would explicate the critical thought ability of stripling and its interaction with peer communicating and societal behavior.Theoretical ModelThis survey based on combination of both cognitive and societal cultural theory: Piaget ( 1958 ) stated striplings begin to believe logically, inventing programs to work out jobs and consistently testing solutions. So harmonizing Piaget theory critical thought should accrue in adolescence. Vygotesky ( 1978 ) accent on the societal component in kids ‘s construction of cognition has led to the coaction with equals helps scholars reach new cognition.Conceptual ModelThree chief variables will be utilized in this survey. However, there are any possibilities about the manner of relationship or interaction between them. It is obvious human ecology of participants will be influenced in societal elements ( societal credence and peer communicating ) straight, although it is equivocal which societal variables, societal credence or equal communicating, intercede other variable to critical thought. It is a more possible theoretical account of relationship between variables. Degree centigrades: UsersHomeDesktopUntitled.jpgJustification of StudyAs a portion of formal operational phase in Piaget theory, procedure of visual aspect of critical believing start in adolescence. Adolescents should get down to take some chief personal and societal determinations in their life. It are seen that 90 % of striplings associate themselves with a equal group. The nature of an stripling ‘s behavior is greatly influenced by his friends and comrades.Research QuestionsThis survey includes three research inquiries that investigate possible interactions between critical thought, societal credence and equal communicating. A Is there significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in equal communicating? Is there significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in societal credence? Make critical thought and societal credence and peer communicating interact with each other?Significance of StudyThis survey has the possible to impact the research participants themselves, and besides the population of adolescence pupils they represent. Bing able to explicate critical thought accomplishment in footings of the independent variables used in the survey could assist course of study developers, pedagogues, and decision makers to develop the critical thought rating and public presentation processs necessary to raise the overall critical thought accomplishments and temperaments of pupils. This survey is of import because many people and organisation could utilize of its determination. This determination will be utile for all educational centres, schools and particularly for The Malaysian Ministry of Education. There is plentiful grounds that a big proportion of high schools inadequately arrange immature people for the real-world demands of work, higher instruction, and mundane life. Primary among the shortages recognized are competences associated with specific higher degree cognitive procedures, or merely set, critical thought. High school alumnuss must be able to judge the credibleness of beginnings, evaluate statements, and separate among facts and sentiment.to evaluate [ the media ] to assist them place possible prejudice†¦ assist them go assurance media consumers. . . to construe, make informations to inform determinations or draw decisions. Students themselves recognize the importance of higher order believing accomplishments in footings of their ability to win as immature grownups. In an online study of over 10,000 high school pupils across the state, over 40 % responded that they did non experience their school experience provided practical and necessary life accomplishments, and over one-third rated their critical thought preparation as fair-to-poor ( National Governor ‘s Association, 2005 ) .General ObjectiveDescribe part of critical believing degree in high school pupils. Identify relationship or impact of societal factor on visual aspect of critical thought process.Find an appropriate theoretical account to depict and foretell the relationship between variablesDefinition of TerminologyConceptual:Adolescent: Adolescent is a transitional phase of physical and mentalA human developmentA by and large happening betweenA pubertyA and legalA maturity ( Viner R 2005 ) .A A Critical thought: critical thought is calculated, self-regulatory determination which consequences in reading, analysis, rating, and tax write-off account of the determination ( Facione, 1990 ) . Peer communicating: equal communicating is the association of equals into little groups that have changing abilities in which all pupils can take part to acquire a common purpose. Social credence: societal credence is the grade to which an stripling is socially accepted by equals. It includes the degree of equal attraction and the easiness with which an stripling can get down and continue acceptable equal relationships.Operational:Adolescent: Harmonizing toA Erikson phase ‘s of human development an stripling is a individual between the ages of 13 and 19 Critical thought: The pre-disposed attitude one of course possesses sing critical thought. The degree of critical thought in participants will be measured through the researcher-developed Engagement, Maturity, and Innovativeness ( EMI ) . Peer communicating: The degree of equal communicating will be measured by The kids ‘s outlooks of societal behavior questionnaire ( Rudolph, Hammen, & A ; Burge, 1995 ) and stock list of equal fond regard ( Armsden & A ; Greenberg, 1987 ) Social credence: This survey will happen the degree of societal credence through societal credence Asher and Dodge ‘s ( 1986 ) step.Specific ObjectiveIdentify the nexus between equal communicating and critical thought Identify the nexus between societal credence and critical thought Did peer communicating intercede the nexus between societal credence and critical thought?Research HypothesisThis survey hunt for placing interacts and impacts of societal elements on critical thought, so there are three hypotheses to expect relationship between variables. There is significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in equal communicating There is significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in societal credence Critical thought and societal credence and peer communicating interact with each other.MethodologyResearch Design:In this quantitative research will be used correlativity design to find the relationship between variables. Besides, descriptive method will be used to depict the distribution of variablesInclusion StandardsAges: all participants will be in adolescence age ( 13-19 ) Gender: They will be approximately every bit split by gender Race and Language: they will be selected approximately every bit among three races ( Malay, Indian, and Chinese )Sampling and participantsParticipants will be selected through bunch trying method. Population will be all striplings in KL high schools. Participants will be 300 striplings in KL high schoolsData CollectionAll informations will be collected through questionnaires with good dependability and cogency. Therefore, it could be conveyed self-report questionnaires will be used as a information aggregation technique in this survey.InstrumentFour questionnaires will be used in this survey: The researcher-developed Engagement, Maturity, and Innovativeness ( EMI ) critical thought temperament appraisal will be used to mensurate the critical thought temperament of striplings. Adolescents ‘ representations of equals. The Children ‘s Expectations of Social Behaviour Questionnaire ( Rudolph, Hammen, & A ; Burge, 1995 ) will be used to tap kids ‘s representations of urine R. Inventory of Peer Attachment ( Armsden & A ; Greenberg, 1987 ) to mensurate peer fond regard in striplings. Social credence Asher and Dodge ‘s ( 1986 ) societal credence step will be used in this surveyDependabilityAdolescents ‘ representations of equals. The Children ‘s Expectations of Social Behavior Questionnaire ( Rudolph, Hammen, & A ; Burge, 1995 ) will used to tap striplings ‘ representations of equals. intentionally, this 15-item questionnaire taps striplings ‘ outlooks of their equals ‘ responses to conjectural aversive state of affairss in which a stripling needs aid, keep up, and sensitiveness from his or her equals. This step was made to order to do it allow for state of affairss that involved striplings, and to include a 4-point response format ( instead than a 3-point response format ) runing from ( 1 ) most positive outlook to ( 4 ) most negative outlook ( Cassidy & A ; Woodhouse, 1997 ; Appendix B ) . All points will b eupturned scored. For each point, striplings read a sketch picturing a conjectural state of affairs and were so instructe d to acknowledge how the equals would reply to the state of affairs. Rudolph et Al. ( 1995 ) accounted good psychometric belongingss for theprimary step ( e.g. , good internal consistence, test-retest dependabilities and significant concept cogency in a sample of 7-to 12-year-old kids ) . They besides reported good convergent cogency for this step. For illustration, they found that kids who had more negative representations of equals were significantly more likely to exhibit maladaptive societal behaviour and lower societal competency. In that survey, the Cronbach ‘s alpha was 0.76. This step contained a set of written instructions inquiring striplings to â€Å" rate the extent to which you like to be in activities with the undermentioned pupils. † Below this set of instructions, was the same roll of 75 schoolmates that the stripling used in the societal behaviour instrument. Adolescents used a 5-point Liker-type graduated table runing from non at all ( 1 ) to a batch ( 5 ) to do their evaluations. A societal credence mark for each participant was computed based upon evaluations that the participant received from his or her schoolmates. This mark was calculated foremost by taking the mean of all the evaluations for that participant and so standardising this mean within the participant ‘s school. Furthermore, in a longitudinal survey of early striplings, Wentzel and Caldwell ( 1997 ) reported significant test-retest dependability and prognostic cogency, bespeaking that societal credence mediated by prosocial behaviour was related to striplings Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ GPA during 6th and 8th class. From the original 60 point critical thought pilot temperament trial, point and scale dependability analysis left a graduated table with 30 points and an overall Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.86. The Innovativeness concept was represented by seven points and a standardised Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.79, the Maturity concept was represented by six points and a standardised Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.75, and the Engagement concept was represented by 13 points and a standardised Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.89. These dependability estimations were deemed really high utilizing the standard standards ( R = 0.65 to 0.75 ) of Norris and Ennis ( 1989 ) . Extra statistics, such as each point ‘s mean, standard divergence, corrected item-total correlativity, and alpha if the point were deleted are reported in Table 3-3. Items were retained if they did non hold utmost agencies ; had what was considered to be adequate variableness in responses ; had corrected item-total correlativities ov er 0.2 ; and would do the dependability of the graduated table stronger. After the pilot trial tonss were analyzed and the strongest graduated table was identified, the research worker added points to the Maturity concept to include a broader representation of facets of the Maturity temperament. This left the new EMI instrument with 33 points. Peer fond regard graduated tables ( a = .90 ) consisted of 25 points and were rated on a five-point graduated table ( sample points: †my parents/friends understand me † ) . Each of the subscales ( trust, disaffection, and communicating ) was submitted to a Personal computer factor analysis and a parallel factor emerged for both parent and peer fond regard. The factor from the parent graduated tables was labelled †parental secure fond regard † ( k = 2.41 % ; 80.4 % of the discrepancy ) and consisted of trust ( .91 ) and communicating ( .88 ) , which loaded positively and disaffection, which loaded negatively ( _0.90 ) . The factor from the equal graduated tables was labelled †peer secure fond regard † ( k = 2.31 % ; 77.1 % of the discrepancy ) and consisted of trust ( .92 ) and communicating ( .91 ) , which loaded positively and disaffection, which loaded negatively ( _.80 ) .Data Analysis MethodMean, manner and discrepancy will be used to depict part of informations T-test will be used to place the nexus between variablesMultiple arrested development analyses will be used to place direct and indirect nexus between variables that mediated by other variables. Statistical Package for Social Science ( SPSS ) will be used to analysis all informations.

How to become a good leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

How to become a good leader - Essay Example A lot of researches have been done to understand the definition and essence of leadership, to identify the differences between the managers and the leaders. Management of organizational behavior defines leaders as the "Men and women who saw the need for action, believed in what they were doing, inspired others and, in spite of incredible odds, changed the world." (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 1). Many theories and meanings of leaders and leadership have been developed throughout the world. All these theories have not been providing with same results however they do agree on certain grounds. All the theories agree that a leader has a clear set of goals and is capable of setting examples. He is a person with strong beliefs and vision for the future. A leader bravely voices his opinions and takes actions on his beliefs and passions. Leadership is a quality or ability that a person possesses to influence and guide others. There are various theories that define and explain leadership. The major ones are the Trait theory, Behavioral theory, Contingency theory and the Transformational theory. The Traits theory identifies certain traits or behavior in a person. This theory believes that human are born with the traits of becoming a leader. The theory suggests that if a person posses the specified traits he is a leader. The Behavioral theory suggests that leaders have a specific behavior towards their followers and that makes them distinct from others. This theory specifies the style and the behavior of the leaders. The contingency theory acts as the critic of the above theories and specifies that the styles and the traits of the individuals can be different in different dynamic situations. This theory suggests that the leaders are defined by their activities and abilities. The characteristics or the behaviors cannot be defined or specified. The transformational theory stresses on the effective interaction of the leaders with their

Reuseable bag Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reuseable bag - Essay Example The children also helped me distribute the bags so that reduced the amount of emissions created by machines and automobiles normally used in these processes. To further my attempt to convey the concept that we need to take better care of our environment, I used a poem by Chika Ogbonna to help decorate the bag and provide a marketing theme for my project. The poem is called â€Å"The Land is Green† and it talks all about the importance of taking care of the earth. Through the entire poem, this Chinese poet talks about the importance of remaining focused on the idea that the land is green, before any colors of political affiliation come into play. We need to stop worrying about politics and just start taking care of what’s really important, the green that feeds us all – the plants we eat as well as the animals that fulfill the rest of our energy needs. I felt the poem was very appropriate for this project because I wanted to emphasize that every stage of the process, including the product and its disposal needed to be conscious of how it affected the earth and try to take care of it. The way I used this poem was to pri nt lines from it, particularly the ones that talk about the color and idea of ‘green’ living, on the bags. It was important that I used a Chinese poet for this project because I planned to distribute my reusable bags among a mostly Chinese population. When my bags were ready for distribution, myself and the children went to Chinatown in San Francisco to distribute them in shopping areas where people usually used plastic. There were many reasons why I choose this as an appropriate distribution point. The first factor for this choice was that it was possible for me to get here without the burning of fossil fuels by using the city’s electric transportation channels. This was an important aspect of

Quantitative Analysis of Hospitality Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative Analysis of Hospitality - Article Example An additional purpose is to attract new donors in order to receive more financial support from outside. Another purpose of an annual report is to provide information to the public about the trends in a given Company. Diversification is a strategy for a successful Company. Marriot is diverse in terms of business activities it ventures in and in terms of regional exploration. Therefore, Marriott has diversified in order to gain financially from the business activities that they are venturing in. The roles of Chairman of the Board and the President of Marriott The role of J.W. Marriott Jr., as the executive chairperson and the chairperson of the board of Marriott is to oversee all the activities of the Marriott Company by establishing the broad policies and objectives of Marriott. It is also his role to appoint the Chief Executive officer of Marriott. Marriott Jr. also plays the role of approving the annual reports of the Company. Second in the rank of Marriott is the President and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Mr. Ann M. Sorenson, is to give advises to the board of directors in the organization, Mr. Sorenson also motivates the organization’s employees as well as driving for critical changes in Marriott Company. The purpose of performance highlights The purpose of the performance highlight in an organization is to compare the performance of two or more given years, for example, the financial status of a Company in the year 2012 and 2013.The major outcome of the Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR), for the Marriott Hotels experienced a great increase all hotels around the World. There was an increase despite the global financial meltdown that was experienced among the world’s major economies from the year 2008. The increase was greater in America because the economy of the continent grew stronger, and because the growth in modest industry supply. Performance of Marriott in different regions From the figures given in this annual report, t he Americas are still far way ahead of other regions where the Marriott hotels have ventured. It has the number highest number of brands, open rooms and it has also ventured in many other countries more than any other region. Compared to other regions, the Americas is also doing better in terms of social responsibility activities that Company is doing to its society. However, the greater potential lies in the European region where the business of hospitality seems to be growing so fast. This is because as indicated in this annual report, the Marriott Hotels ventured in Europe three years ago, and the number of brands, rooms opened and the countries it has ventured is high. The Company is only in its third year since venturing in Europe, and it is already meeting the five-year goal target that had been set. The Middle East and Africa region is lagging behind because it has been over thirty years since the first Marriott Hotel was built in the region, yet, it has only 7 brands and 41 open properties. This compared to Europe is below average. The political instability and poor economy in this region are the major factors contributing to this slow growth rate of Marriott hotel in the Middle East and Africa regions. The potential risks and uncertainties to the Marriott brand. One of the major risks that the Marriott Hotels are exposed to is the financials loss due to the global financial recession that affected the globe in the year 2008.

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case analysis - Essay Example They were able to develop the Fiji Waters as a high profile drink as they sponsored golf tournaments, sports events and were even able to win endorsements in the movies. The drink that appeared to be exclusive is available in supermarkets and local stores and creates a notion that what is good for the rich and famous is also good for the majority. Green washing is a marketing strategy used by companies to mislead benefits of a product, service, technology, or company practice (Rouse, Margaret, Sept. 2007)). Companies engage in green washing to enhance product’s capabilities and mislead consumers on the true picture of the product for company’s gain. For example, the Fiji Waters â€Å"carbon negative† advertising campaign has been challenged in the US District Court to be misleading. I believe a claim is a green washing when there are many criticisms against it, and evidences or proofs are not rightly presented. The FIJI’s Water Negative campaign is not a green washing because it begins with a measurable target that proposes to offset more greenhouse emissions than were released by its operations and products. It is turning the positive harmful effects of its operations into something negative. Beginning 2008, it will reduce its land use and utilize renewable energy. It did not assume to maintain zero CO2, but rather `a reduction only. FIJI Waters hopes to reduce its CO2 emissions by 25%; 50% from renewable resources, and reducing wastes from production facility by 33%. FIJI Waters is conscious of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) and has done efforts to reduce damage to the environment. CSR is one way to be assured of the sustainability of long-range operations that will be beneficial to both the company and to the community. It is a head-turning marketing campaign that will also make people think of its environment. I am concerned that with the way underground water is cons umed,

Corporate social responsibility in the global business community Assignment

Corporate social responsibility in the global business community - Assignment Example Also, it changes the business entrepreneurs perception towards business and society. Today, business is not just about profits, but it is more about profit sharing with society and employees (Kiran & Sharma, 2011). The majority of the world-renowned firms and organizations, for instance, the world bank, as well as European Commissions are mostly actively promoting and supporting the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. However, Modern corporations attempt to put significant focus on the politics, economy, and the society of a country (Baxi, 2006). Perhaps, the developing nations are supposed to focus more on the Corporate Social Responsibility implementation and from the planning process. In addition, they can form alternatives to lifting the development of the social sector, and a suggested way is to develop viably and strategized public-private partnerships. Currently, the greatest challenge for most governments is on how to create Corporate Social Responsibility practices policies aa well as nurture a framework that is durable and would assist society and companies to translate the public policies to deliverables (Kiran & Sharma, 2011). Therefore, the paper focuses on defining CSR, identifying a global business that implements a CSR strategy, explain why, how, and where the global market they implement their strategy. The overall objective of the paper is to get a better understanding of how and why global companies are becoming more responsible. The paper also include the interpretation and conclusion. Nestle is one of the global renowned and largest, beverage and food companies. Nestle is a very old organization that started its activities almost 130 years ago. Its key success is innovations of its product. Alongside with its innovative capabilities, its brand business acquisitions that have made it be the large food firm all over the world. However, with time the passing, the Nestle company has swiftly grown and penetrated into the production of

Field trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Field trip - Essay Example In accordance with Jewish tradition, prayers should always occur in the entire community. Amidah, which is the third section of Shabbat service, forms the central point of Worship among Jews. During this section, the congregation normally engages in prayers and meditations. The word Amidah gives a description of prayers and the manner in which the Jews worship. Amidah has a small session for private prayers among its worshippers. Similar to any church service, the Shabbat also acknowledges rituals and their significance in worship. Consequently, Torah service forms the next section of Shabbat service. Torah service provides teachings on peace, justice, and truth in the society. In general, this section follows teachings of Moses as written in his five books. The last session of the Shabbat Service is concluding prayers where the whole congregation participates in recitation of Aleinu or Adoration (Abrams & Katherine 18). We chose Shabbat service as our field trip experience because of the perception that Jewish religion has unique philosophies and worship procedures. Majority of people in the society believe that Shabbat is different from other church services because of its restrictions and related philosophies. Consequently, attending the service would enable us to obtain philosophies and facts about the Shabbat Service. After attending the Shabbat Service, we were able to determine how philosophy influences the religion. According to the Jews, Shabbat Service must have five prayer sessions. All these sessions have different significance to the worshippers. For instance, Torah service teaches peace and justice in the community. In addition, the religion has a philosophy, which advocates for all members of the congregation to use the five holy books recommended by Moses to govern all rituals. Just like Christian services, the Shabbat service considers prayers as precious gifts from heaven. As a result, the Jewish considers Amidah as a special session of

What is Mifeprex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Mifeprex - Essay Example Mifeprex is a synthetic steroid with antiglucocortid and antiprogestorne outcomes (Jacob 186). Progesterone is a female hormone responsible for preparing the uterus to receive and sustain a fertilized egg. It is also crucial in sustaining the pregnancy. Mifeprex works by blocking progesterone’s activities at the progesterone receptors. It stimulates the uterus to contract, thus preventing the formation of pregnancy (Ogbru and Marks). Besides that, the drug can also be used as a medication for type 2 diabetes adjunct in Cushing’s syndrome. People with Cushing syndrome produce a lot of cortisol that is responsible for high sugar levels in the blood. Mifeprex minimizes the levels of blood glucose in thse people by blocking the activity of cortisol (Jacob 186). The drug is among the list of essential drugs of the World Health Organization. According to Crosse 4(7), mifeprex is only prescribed for the termination of intrauterine pregnancy through the 49th day of pregnancy. People should avoid taking Mifeprex if: it has been more that 7 weeks since the most recent menstrual period started; you have an intrauterine device (IUD) in place; you have problems of bleeding; you have taken steroid medications; you are allergic to prostaglandins, mifeprex, or any other medicine that contains misoprotosol; you have chronic adrenal failure; the healthcare provider has informed you that you the pregnancy has formed outside the uterus; for the following two visits you cannot return (Danco Laboratories 2) Mifeprex has various side effects. Even though Jacob argues, â€Å"There is no medical evidence that Mifepristone presents a special risk of infection,† (182), possible side effects of using the drug has been reported. It can cause birth defects in the unborn baby if the treatment procedure does not result in the full termination of the pregnancy. Other side effects consist of the following:

RSS feed Mobile Archive Search Ask me anything Submit Essay Example for Free

RSS feed Mobile Archive Search Ask me anything Submit Essay The Philippine Airlines (PAL) is the national airline of the Philippine and Asia’s first airline. Philippine Airlines has been the dominant air carrier in the Philippines since its creation in 1941. Philippine Airlines rebranded itself as â€Å"Asia’s sunniest airline† to cap its new marketing and advertising trust. We have identified the three (3) major competitors of Philippine Airlines which are Cebu Pacific, Cathay Pacific and Zest Airlines. Our recommended strategy for Philippine Airlines is Product development strategy this includes providing more services to attract the customer as well as improving the products and services that they offer to gain more profit and to satisfy the customers. Many airline companies offer lower fares to gather customers. We suggest that PAL focus on differentiation by making their customers experience the â€Å"class† of flying to remind them the pleasure of taking flight in the skies. This strategy will require extensive employee training in proper etiquette and quality service, to ensure the portrayed brand image lines up with the experience of customers. Second to our priority is increasing the number of salespersons, increasing advertising expenditures, offering extensive sales promotion items, or increasing publicity efforts to enhance market share especially for the local flights. The Philippine Airlines must know the strengths and weakness of the management for the strategists to know what things to improve and maintain. Based on the result of the competitive profile matrix, Philippine Airlines fall behind the Cebu Pacific and this is due to the fall of its local flight segment. Garnering a decrease of total market share from 50% in May 2009 to 35.4% in late December of 2009 According to the SPACE Matrix that Philippine Airlines is financially a strong company that has achieved major competitive advantages in a growing and stable industry. Market Development, Product Development, and Horizontal integration is the suited strategy that can be used by PAL. In the Boston Consulting Group Matrix, the Philippine Airline is in the position of â€Å"star† because Philippine Airline remains stable with the market growth and continues to be successful in the field of airline industry. PAL is in the quadrant II that represents the organization’s best long-run opportunities for growth and profitability. Horizontal Integration is appropriate strategies for these divisions to consider. PAL should increased control over their competitor and takeovers among competitors allow for increased economies of sale and enhanced transfer of resources and competencies. Base on the internal- external matrix of Philippine Airline that the company should hold and maintain. The company should pursue Intensive (market penetration and product development) strategies which can be the best and most appropriate things to do. With the standard of living of Filipino is improving gradually as well as the increase in tourism industry and lot of Filipino workers go abroad airline industry is stably increase, that is why given the rapid market growth of the airline industry. Philippine Airlines is in an excellent strategic position, for Philippine Airlines, concentration on product development is an appropriate strategy in terms of the specific circumstances that face the company. II. COMPANY PROFILE The airline was founded on February 26, 1941 by a group of businessmen led by Andres Soriano, hailed as one of the Philippines’ leading industrialists at the time, who served as its general manager, and former Senator Ramon Fernandez, who served as its chairman and president. The airline, headquartered in the Philippine National Bank Financial Center in Pasay City, was founded in 1941 and is the oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name. Out of its hubs at Ninoy Aquino International Airport of Manila and Mactan-Cebu International Airport of Cebu City, Philippine Airlines serves nineteen destinations in the Philippines and twenty-four destinations in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Canada and the United States. Formerly one of the largest Asian airlines, PAL was severely affected by the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. In what was believed to be one of the Philippines’ biggest corporate failures, PAL was forced to downsize its international operations by completely cutting operations to Europe and eventually Southwest Asia, cutting virtually all domestic services excluding routes operated from Manila, reducing the size of its fleet and terminating the jobs of thousands of employees. The airline was placed under receivership in 1998, gradually restoring operations to many of the destinations it formerly serviced. PAL exited receivership in 2007 with ambitious plans to further restore services to its previously-serviced destinations, as well as diversify its fleet. Philippine Airlines is the only airline in the Philippines to be accredited with the IOSA (IATA Operational Safety Audit) by the International Air Transport Association and has been awarded a 3-star rating by Skytrax. 1. Economic Forces In 1997, Philippine Airlines rebranded itself as â€Å"Asia’s sunniest airline† to cap its new marketing and advertising thrust. In addition to its re-fleeting program, Philippine Airlines commenced service to New York City (using Newark Liberty International Airport) via Vancouver. However, this caused the airline to be financially unstable, having acquired too many aircraft while matching them to unprofitable routes. The re-fleeting program was about halfway through when the full impact of the Asian financial crisis struck the airline industry early in 1998. By March 31, 1997, at the end of the 1996-1997 fiscal years, Philippine Airlines had reported its largest annual loss of P8.08 billion. PAL shareholders approved a quasi-reorganization plan, reducing the par value of PAL shares to P0.20 from P0.80 per share. It will also increase its authorized capital stock from P16 billion to P20 billion divided into 100 billion shares at P0.20 per share. Philippine Airlines income annual report showed an increase in revenues to US$1.634 billion, from US$1.504 billion the previous year, after carrying 17% more passengers due to acquisition of additional aircraft and growth in the domestic market. However, the cost of operating more flights, which involved higher maintenance expense and compounded by record-high fuel prices, raised expenses to US$1.9 billion, from US$1.539 billion the previous year. Fuel comprised 44% of Philippine Airlines income operating expenses. When the global crisis led to a travel slump in the latter part of the year, PAL’s passenger load factor fell to an average of 76.2%, three points lower than the previous year. PAL also reported paying US$165.4 million in principal and interest to its creditors, bringing to US$2.4 billion the total paid from March 1999 to March 2009. Total assets decreased by US$60.6 million to US$1.971 billion, while total liabilities rose by US$239.5 million over the previous year.With the protracted recession, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) said its member-airlines are bracing for US$9 billion in total combined losses by the end of the current fiscal year. 2.1 Social forces The Philippine airlines conduct a promo for there passenger especially who belong to there membership. They can earn miles points in every board with the code share partners (air Macau, Cathy pacific ,emirates, etihad , Malaysia airlines and other airlines that belong to that agreement. they also earn miles point in staying hotels around the Philippines and worldwide. example they can earn point rates vary between 250 and 500 miles per stay in hotel. The points they earn can be donated to UNICEF or in PAL Foundation. Security control is a significant contributor to service quality, but service is underperformed in terms of efficiency, relative to passengers’ desired levels. Security needs to follow a similar pattern to safety. It is already part of IOSA, but I’m sure more can be done to formalize industry requirements. IATA and the various agencies around the world must find ways to harmonize security requirements. It is essential for the passenger experience, and it is essential for airlines. It would simplify operations considerably.At the same time, it is clear that security is a government responsibility. They should be paying for the majority of measures, especially at the airport. But airlines must show willingness too, and play their part. We can look again at security onboard the aircraft. Boarding -Airlines use a number of different group/zone boarding systems or boarding rules, the idea (there are numerous variations) it is significant to service quality. In-flight service is something that makes the passenger comfortable and relaxes while they are on board. 2.2 Cultural forces Philippine Airlines (PAL) is the national flag carrier of the Philippines and the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia. It began operations in 1941 by making one flight daily between Manila and Baguio. From its main hub at Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, Philippine Airlines now flies to 18 destinations in the Philippines and serves 26 destinations in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Canada and the United States. Mabuhay Miles is the Philippine Airlines frequent flyer program. It was established in 2002 by merging all existing PAL frequent flyer programs prior to the Asian financial crisis: namely, PALsmiles, the Mabuhay Club and the Flying Sportsman, with PALsmiles and Mabuhay Club members being moved to the new program on August 1, 2002. The Flying Sportsman program was subsequently transformed into SportsPlus, a three-tiered, subscription-based program which gives extra baggage allocations for sports equipment on PAL flights, aimed specifically at golfers, bowlers, scuba divers, tennis and badminton players, anglers and cyclists. The SportsPlus program is available only to Mabuhay Miles base members, as Mabuhay Miles members on higher membership tiers automatically receive SportsPlus privileges. Mabuhay Miles members earn miles that can be redeemed at face value on most Philippine Airlines-operated flights, as well as on code-shared routes of partner airlines. Some promotional fares and all flights operated by Airphil Express, however, are ineligible to earn miles. Miles may also be earned by patronizing the services of Mabuhay Miles partners, or by purchasing miles. Membership tiers include Mabuhay Miles Base, Elite, Premium Elite and Million Miler. 2.3 Environmental Forces In recent years, much attention has been given to the role of automobile emissions in climate change. But air travel—which has been rebounding since 9/11—is equally damaging to the climate, per mile of travel. Flight is one of the most fuel-guzzling forms of passenger transportation. Airplanes’ fuel use (and resulting emissions of carbon dioxide), per passenger and per mile, is almost as heavy as driving alone. Beyond their emissions of carbon dioxide, aircraft release other gases that have disproportionate but short-term effects on our planet’s climate . And data suggest that north westerners fly more passenger miles per capita than residents of most other states. Carbon dioxide has the same effects on the climate no matter when or where it is injected into the atmosphere. But other aircraft emissions-such as nitrogen oxides-have potent, climate-changing effects because of the elevation at which they are released. Over the short term, they more than double the effects of the CO2 alone Over time, these other pollutants disappear, but the carbon dioxide remains aloft capturing heat for decades. These short-term climate-altering effects of air travel are concentrated, along with the residents of affluent nations, in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, which includes the Pacific Northwest. The airline industries are responsible for about 11% of greenhouse gases emitted by the transportation sector. An aircraft engine contributes a global warming and global dimming even though it is least polluting forms of travel in the world. The rapid growth of air travel in recent years can contributes to increase the total pollution attributed to aviation and the reduction of achieved automobiles. The jet fuel can burned per passenger on a average 3200 kilometers airline flight about 353 kilograms. 2.4 Demographic Forces The population of the Philippines was 88.57 million people as of August, 2007. The 2009 projected population is 92.23 million people. This is an inflation rate of +1.5%. The 2008 population was 90.348.437, making it the 12th most populated country in the world. The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelagic nation located off the coast of Southeast Asia. Filipinos are descended from Austronesia people from Taiwan over a thousand years ago. The Aboriginal inhabitants consist of the Ati and Aetas, referred to as Negritos. Most of the country is comprised of Malayo-Polynesian ethnic groups including, the Tagalog, Visayans, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Bicolano, Moro, Pangasinense, Igorot, Lumad Ibanag, Mangyan, Badjao, Ivatan, and Palawan tribes. There is a significant group of other ethnic descendants including the Spanish, British, American, Japanese and Chinese due to the Spanish colonization and Americation occupation after World War II. These intermarried descendants are referred to as Filipino mestizos There are Twelve major regional languages each with over one million speakers: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Waray-Waray, Tausug, Bikol, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Kinaray-a, Maranao, Maguindanao and Hiligaynon. English and Spanish were both imposed on the country as official languages at one time in its history, so the languages can still be heavily felt within the country. The airline’s first flight took place on March 15, 1941 with a single Beech craft Model 18 NPC-54 on daily services between Manila (from Nielson Field) and Baguio. On July 22, the airline acquired the franchise of the Philippine Aerial Taxi Company. Government investment in September paved the way for its nationalization. PAL owns 30 Airbus aircraft and four Bombardier airplanes. The airline has also reconfigured its in-flight service to include first, business, and economy classes. PAL additionally offers flights to India and China, both among the world’s fastest-growing travel markets. The carrier offers almost 30 weekly flights to US destinations. In 2008 the company launched its low fare carrier unit, PAL Express, which serves mostly domestic island destinations.

Potential For Water Supply Essay Example for Free

Potential For Water Supply Essay According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and a third of all people face some sort of water scarcity. Where demand exceeds supply and no effective management operates, there will be conflicts between the various players involved. In addition, global climate change will exacerbate these challenges faced by countries and populations. Shifting precipitation patterns threaten to reduce water availability in some regions while inflicting stronger storms on others, increasing both potential droughts and floods. This may increase the frequency of more serious conflicts and result in ‘water wars’. Meeting the world’s growing water needs will require far more effective use of available resources. By combining appropriate technology, strategic management and involving all the players water conflicts can be avoided. The Nile river exemplifies an International dispute with the source of the conflict being the water supply. Egypt who have a historical right to The Nile are highly dependent on its waters, which are required for agricultural purposes with the waters being a necessity to irrigate the arable land. Many countries in the Nile basin depend heavily on the Nile, with Egypt depending on the Nile for 97% of its renewable water resource. Consequently, The Nile is essential to the food and water security in all of the countries that lie within the Nile river basin. With so many countries being reliant on one single water source it is no surprise that this water supply has increased tensions in the area and that there is a huge potential for it to cause conflict. Ethiopia’s tributaries supply roughly 86% of the Nile however as a result of the Entebbe Agreement Ethiopia and other upstream countries have begun to divert water for new dam projects that would provide hydro-electric power and irrigation networks. These developments upstream have led to threats from Egypt, who are extremely protective over their decreasing share of the Niles water supply. However in order to secure their  supply they must engage in peaceful negotiations as violence would only jeapordise their share of the supply. Thus the potential for water conflict is there as tensions continue to increase between upstream and downstream nations, and perhaps overtime as the downstream nations share of the supply is further squeezed, these tensions are likely to result in conflict. Conflict can also occur within a country, for example the states situated within the Colorado river basin have been constantly squabbling over who owns the water supply and who should be allocated the most water. In the 1920s the ‘Law of the River’ established the division of water amongst the upper basin states, it also defined their responsibility to supply water to the lower basin states. This division had been based on an estimated annual flow of 21 billion m3/yr in 1920, however this was a time of above normal flows, recent studies have indicated that long term average flows are around 18 billion m3/yr. The deficit between the flow and the allocation has become more apparent as the population in the clorado basin states continues to rise. As a result of this deficit tensions are rising between the states, California receives a large percentage of the water as a result of its large population and political power even though the river does not directly flow through it. This has heightened tensions with the states who are experiencing severe water shortages who actually have a grater claim to the river than California. Although the city dwellers may be losing out as they are having to share their water with other states, farmers are profiting as they claimed the land first and thus the majority of water, 80%, lies with them. The Colorado river has not only caused internal disputes but also international disputes, causing there to be the potential for conflict with Mexico. The reason being that the Colorado river is that the basin states are so dependent on the water that the river supplies that it no longer reaches the sea, 90% of the water has been extracted before it reaches Mexico. The delta has decreased in size as a result of the extraction and the large dams put in place along the river such as the Hoover Dam. This did increase political tensions between the two nations and there was a strong potential for the supply of the Colorado river to become a source of  Conflict between the two countries, however in 2012 an amendment was made to the ‘Law of the River’ entitled ‘Minute 319’ which gave Mexico a grater allocation of the water supply. This is an example of how there can be a potential for conflict yet an agreement can be reached to prevent it. Nonetheless there is still a potential for new disputes among the Colorado river, this is less likely to occur internationally on the US-Mexico border as a result of the recent amendment, however at the artificial border drawn at Lees Ferry, between the upper and lower basin states. Aside from the strain put on the supply by a growing population, the upper basin has a small surplus that it is using to develop its economy. However at the same time water shortages in the lower basin could limit the potential for economic growth in the lower basin and thus their remains a potential for the water supply to cause conflict in the future.

7th Record Label Business Plan Marketing Essay

7th Record Label Business Plan Marketing Essay My business plan is to set up a music record label (7th Records) that will be based in Lagos, the capital of Nigeria. It will be a corporation whose major focus will be to capture the very talented but financially handicap artists/bands. 7th record will sign talented but financially handicap local artists/bands within Nigeria and will be involved in every developmental phase required for the success of these artists/bands from music production, promotion to marketing. In a report by Dozie Olamide (Fingers, 2009), it is said that one out of every ten local artist have the funding required for an album production and the existing labels do not make matters easy for these financially handicapped majority who may later end up doing street Rap battle instead of making good use of their talent. This category of artist will be our major target. There are six major record labels presently enjoying 90% of the industrys market share and these labels focus on financially viable musicians for their success (Entertainment weekly, 2008). They also rip off these artist/band by adopting a 50:50 record deal i.e. for every profit made from the CD sales they will have 50%. This has been a way of extortion from artist on the part of these labels. 7th Record will be an exceptional, goal oriented and unusual but sustainable business model for a record label. Our main strategy will be focused on capturing the very talented locals who do not have the finance to produce an album and we will introduce a 30:70 record dealing term. As a result, 7th record will also have an in-house studio that will be run by veterans in music production business. This idea is aimed at producing classy and marketable albums that will not only yield good profit but will also serve as a good means of market penetration. In the Nigeria entertainment industry, there is no laid down pattern for return on investment; your success depends on your strategies. Popularity and Fans acceptance is the determining factor and key element for sales. 7th record will require a start-up capital of $23,580 for the first year. It will be funded by me together with some support from my immediate family members. A breakdown of the financial requirement in presented in the later part of this Business case. 1.1 Start-up Funding 70% of the start-up fund will be from me and the remaining part will be from my immediate family members who are fully in support of this project. Required start-up capital $23,580 Izekor Osagie Lee $16,506 Family members $7,074 Total funding $23,580 1.2 Industry Analysis The Nigeria Music industry is dominated by a few large Record labels that before now enjoy a monopolistic market share (Fingers, 2009). These record labels control over 90% of the CD (compact disc) sales in Nigeria. A report (Fingers, 2009) shows that Kennis music presently enjoy 32% of the market share, Lockdown entertainment 18% Mo-Hit 14% Question mark 12%, Chops record 9%, Hex records 5% and the other smaller labels share the remaining 10%. Most of these record labels take the shot gun approach to market penetration i.e. they sign up a lot of different artist/bands hoping a few will make it all the way to the top. On the artists/bands that gained commercial recognition, there are huge windfalls of profits to be made off them by the record label. The remaining 10% made up of junkyard record labels; rely on the junk local artist to make sales. They rarely get patronage by the popular artist and commercially viable bands which lives them without a competitive power in the Nigeria music industry. It is funny to know their market penetration strategy is based on luck. My findings shows 7th record have a very lucrative market to participate in. Our success in the industry is very achievable knowing we have got a few challenging labels to compete with and these competitors themselves have very weak competitive strategy compared to the strategies we will employ as discussed in the later part of this report. 1.3 Product and Services 7th record will be a Nigeria based record label for a selected group of Nigeria based artist/bands. The label will also house the 7th studios were all music production work will be done. It will operate as a full record label and will provide everything that is required for producing, Mixing, Mastering, promoting and marketing a music album of any signed artist/band. It will also adopt a business philosophy developed by Fred Okundaye (Fred, 2007) which states that for long term sustainable growth it will be more successful for a label to sign up just a few artist/bands and promote them equally than to sign up a bunch and hope one gains commercial success enough to float the rest of the bands. After careful investigation I bought into this philosophy and have chosen to adopt it although it is quit appealing to a few band or artist. It will create room for both 7th label and the prospective bands/artist to adopt an intimate and specialized focus on what the entertainment market wants. Instead of competing with the existing labels, 7th records will adopt a flexible, intimate approach where they concentrate on talented local artist/band. By working with only a few bands at once, 7th record will be able to offer a much more specialized and attentive level of service for their customers. This will be their competitive edge against other labels, something unique. We will enforce the ideology that expression will be the key to producing a good album while hard work will be the key to promoting just a few of them (signed artist/band), as both factor is an essential element that will guarantee success in the entertainment industry. Operations will begin first with the production of compilation CD for the signed artist/band. This CD will feature many different local artist/band. There will be no charge for a band to place a single (a track from their previous album) on the CD. It will be an avenue for creating awareness for these artists/bands before they are finally signed. It is essential to do this because the more popular your artist the better. During the period when this compilation CD is being processed, 7th record will be arranging modalities for networking purposes. Our first target will be local TV and Radio studios. To get air plays for the CD mostly depends on your relationship with the key decision makers at the various stations. 7th records will also be working with major retail outlets developing strong relationships with them so that as some of the bands become popular and consumer interest grow there will be assurance for sales. 7th record will also build relationships with clubs and event companies to provide room for concert placements and gigs for our prospective artists/bands. Bearing in mind that live performance is one major way to win the loyalty of fans and achieve fanfare. After 7th record attains these heights it will become attractive for well known artists to sign up with the label. We will also embrace diversification in our choice of who and what to produce. 7th record will not only focus on one genre of music and embrace diversity in the music industry. We will focus on the key element of improvisation that is found in a wide range of genres. Improvisation is a way of expressing ones self during a performance. Its a way of adding free flow change or spontaneity to a performance. Most times improvisation occurs when a band is playing a pre-defined song and each member of the band deviates from the original laid down pattern to do something that they find interesting at that moment. This is a way to please the crowd during a music performance but care has to be taking else the song can be ruined. Â © Copyright BizTree. 2006. All rights reserved. Protected by the copyright laws of the United States Canada and by international treaties. IT IS ILLEGAL AND STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO DISTRIBUTE, PUBLISH, OFFER FOR SALE, LICENSE OR SUBLICENSE, GIVE OR DISCLOSE TO ANY OTHER PARTY, THIS PRODUCT IN HARD COPY OR DIGITAL FORM. ALL OFFENDERS WILL BE SUED IN A COURT OF LAW. Â © Copyright BizTree. 2006. All rights reserved. Protected by the copyright laws of the United States and Canada and by international treaties. IT IS ILLEGAL AND STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO DISTRIBUTE, PUBLISH, OFFER FOR SALE, LICENSE OR SUBLICENSE, GIVE OR DISCLOSE TO ANY OTHER PARTY, THIS PRODUCT IN HARD COPY OR DIGITAL FORM. ALL OFFENDERS WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE SUED IN A COURT OF LAW.1.4 Competition From my visibility studies I found out about some already existing labels but my focus will be on the major key players in the industry and they are Kennis music, Lockdown entertainment, Mo-hit records, Question mark, Chops record and Hex records. Dozies (2009) article reported that Kennis music presently enjoy 32% of the market share, Lockdown entertainment 18% Mo-Hit 14% Question mark 12%, Chops record 9%, Hex records 5% and the other smaller labels share the remaining 10%. During my investigation I discovered that all six major labels focus on CD sales and they presently employ the 50:50 sharing term for all profit made. One of the up-coming stars PC Dre in one of my interviews described this as a term of extortion by most Nigerian label. He said the 50:50 terms benefit the labels more than it does to the artist/band. 7th record will take advantage of this gap and provide a 30:70 sharing model as against the 50:50 by other existing labels. This will be aimed at market penetration and product attractiveness. Another gap I realized from my investigation was that the major concerts organized by the big multinationals features 80% of foreign artist (vanguard, 2008) because the quality and standard of the available bands seldom meet their own standard for the concerts. This I found to be the inability for these existing labels to fully brand the available talented locals to meet international standard required by such multinationals. 7th record will look beyond the local market and try to penetrate the global entertainment industry but with focus on the Nigeria music industry where it will become a part player. This idea is to match the standard of any signed artist/band with that of their counterparts oversea. To further give a clear presentation of our potential competitor and their competitive strength, a table is presented below in that regard. Competitor Name Strength Competitor Name Strength Kennis music Finance Networking Hex record Finance and club house performance Lockdown entertainment Networking Mo-hit record Finance and popularity Chops record Popularity Question mark Location 2.0 7th records Business Model In order for 7th record to succeed, a lot of sweet equity will be required with little to no revenue stream or profit for the first year. This is very difficult to adopt by most start-up businesses but for any business to succeed in the entertainment industry it has to create attraction for patronage else people wont have the chance to know what you have to offer. In the case of 7th record, it will be useful that these realistic expectations are established upfront and it will not be an unwelcome future surprise. Additionally, the investors (family members) are aware of these parameters and have given the go ahead. I know this will take a lot of effort to pull off, with reasonable expectations up front and the right management to execute on the business model, it will be a reality. Â © Copyright BizTree. 2006. All rights reserved. Protected by the copyright laws of the United States Canada and by international treaties. IT IS ILLEGAL AND STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO DISTRIBUTE, PUBLISH, OFFER FOR SALE, LICENSE OR SUBLICENSE, GIVE OR DISCLOSE TO ANY OTHER PARTY, THIS PRODUCT IN HARD COPY OR DIGITAL FORM. ALL OFFENDERS WILL BE SUED IN A COURT OF LAW. Â © Copyright BizTree. 2006. All rights reserved. Protected by the copyright laws of the United States and Canada and by international treaties. IT IS ILLEGAL AND STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO DISTRIBUTE, PUBLISH, OFFER FOR SALE, LICENSE OR SUBLICENSE, GIVE OR DISCLOSE TO ANY OTHER PARTY, THIS PRODUCT IN HARD COPY OR DIGITAL FORM. ALL OFFENDERS WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE SUED IN A COURT OF LAW.2.1 Management For a start, 7th records will be owned and managed by me together with 8 other staff members I have carefully selected with regards to their functionality. Their duties will be; Manager To manage all human and material resources to achieve the company goal Assistant Manager To assist the manager in decision making and to work in the managers stead in an event of unavailability Secretary To handle all administrative duties Accountant To carry out all financial obligations Public relation personnel To run logistic assignments and customer care Producer/Studio Engineer For all studio production work Marketing Personnel For all post production work ranging from promotion to sales Major qualifications are not actually required but experience will be a key employment criteria. Every employee must have the working experience in the business for a period of not less than 4 years. This is because 7th record will focus on veterinary abilities of her employees for the success of the prospective artist/band. It will be a very distinct advantage over competitors. The chain of logistics will be a direct report model where all departments report directly to the Manager or the Assistant when the Manager is unavailable. 2.2 Objectives 7th records aim at becoming the number one record label in Nigeria To provide fair contract terms for the signing of local artists/bands To produce albums that will compete with that of our counterparts oversea To become a household name in the Nigeria entertainment industry within three years. To be the first Nigerian record label to sign foreign artist based on the standard and quality that the label will attain within the next three years. 2.3 Vision Our vision is to produce artist/bands that will become world icons in the global entertainment world. We will produce albums that can be nominated for Grammy as has never been heard of a Nigerian artist. 2.4 Mission Our mission is to bring out the best in local Nigerian artist/bands by providing them with all necessary resources required for quality music production and strong networking for good album sales. 2.5 Keys to Success We will choose promising artists/bands to promote 7th record will work hard to, explore and have fun We will maintain a gradual and flexible approach to profit making. It will be of no importance to sign up too many artists/bands within a specified period; otherwise the effectiveness of promotion will be diluted. 3.0 Company summary 7th record is a start-up corporation that will be based in Lagos Nigeria. The location was so chosen because Lagos is a centralized city in Nigeria. Its easily accessed from all part of the country as compared with other cities. This idea is aimed at market penetration and for competitive advantage as against major competitors. 3.1 Start-up requirements The label will be run in my house for the first year. All arrangement for start will be that for the first phase of the business, 7th record will obtain a license for owning a label from the regulating body and purchase the following; Legal (Licensing) 4 Computers 4 printers Various printed materials Mixer Amps Sound processors Speakers Recording software furniture Air conditioners Start-up Requirements Start-up proposed Expenses Legal $350 Office Stationery $600 Website development $1,200 Insurance $150 Equipments $5,200 Furniture $1,350 Other $230 Total start-up Expenses $9,080 Start-up Assets Cash Required $12,000 Start-up Inventory $0 Other Current Assets $0 Long-Term Assets $2,500 Total Assets $14,500 Total Required $23,580 Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to fund $9,080 Start-up Assets to fund $14,500 Total Funding required $23,580 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up $2,500 Cash Requirement from start-up $12,000 Additional Cash Raised $390 Cash Balance on Starting Date $12,000 Total Assets $14,500 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing $0 Long Term Liabilities $0 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) $0 Other Current Liabilities (Interest-free) $0 Total Liabilities $0 Capital Planned Investment Izekor Osagie Lee $13,500 Family and Friends $10,080 Other $0 Additional Investment Requirement $0 Total Planned Investment $23,580 Start-up Expenses $9,080 Total Capital $14,500 Total Capital and Liabilities $14,500 Total Funding $23,580 4.0 Market Analysis Nigeria has a population of over 120 million people and record shows that at least 85% of this figure patronizes music whether directly or indirectly (Entertainment weekly, 2009). The key factor that controls Market share in the Nigeria music industry is CD sales and Fan loyalty. 7th record will channel her strategies to gaining strong relationship with most record stores and consumers/Fans at live shows. Since these market segments are the main source of revenue in the industry, a clear visibility studies shows that they are also the means of market penetration. 4.1 Market Segmentation Record retailers- They have direct link with the end consumers through the selling of CDs. 7th record has indentified the need to build a cordial relationship with Tee Jay the major record retailer in Nigeria. This will create a channel for the marketing of our signed artist/band without fear of pirating. Consumers at Live Concerts- This segment have the greater market penetration power as it has the ability to affect the sales of CD also. It focus on Fans at live concerts. The number of people at a concert determines the revenue that will be generated from ticket sales. They normally purchase the CD of the bands they are viewing while at the show. 7th record will ensure that her signed artists/bands are well groomed for live performance. The concept of improvisation and meeting the expectation of their fans will not be taken for granted at any level. Fans are attracted to bands that keep the stage rocking. This will be an ideology that will be a watch word for our prospective Artist/Band. Market Analysis (pie) 5.0 Strategy and Implementation 7th record have mapped out ways to leverage the available competitive advantage after careful analysis of the gaps in the way and manner other major record labels carry on their operations as well as their terms and conditions for signing an Artist. We will be more flexible in our dealings with our prospective Artist and provide them with better and more profitable terms. We will also create a vast networking means to ensure wider awareness and acceptance from fans. Lastly, we will employ aggressive marketing strategies were record retailers will be granted better discount for every CD sold as against the percentage given by other competing labels. 5.1 Marketing Strategy 7th record have recognized that sales of CD is fan (consumers) driven so we have arranged for series of tours for our prospective artist/band. This will help to create awareness for their albums. We will development our label visibility through the release of various compilation CDs on selected media houses and clubs. Once our artist/band gains spot light in the industry, the label name will be on the lips of every fan. Gradually the acceptance will shift from the artist to the umbrella (7th record) they are under. In that case 7th record will not only depend on the success of an artist/band like other labels do but on her brand name. Get artist/band prepared for live performance Arrange Tours Gain fan loyalty Release compilation CDs Ensure media and club play Launch individual signed artist/bands personal albums Coddle the CD retailers Arrange for concert fixing 5.2 Competition Strategy One of the challenges most labels face is signing too many artist/band at a time. 7th record will cut down on the number of signings that will be done at a particular period to ensure that the needed resources are available to meet requirement for quality delivery. We will also increase the signing term from 50:50 adopted by the existing labels to 30:70. We so chose to adjust the terms for signing because it will not only boost the growth pace of the financially handicap but also create an attraction to the commercially viable artist/bands. We will take responsibility of the welfare of our artist and give fair attention to every signed artist/band. Unlike some major labels, 7th studio will be free to all signed artist. It will provide flexible studio times where an artist is not compelled to hurry up production to save cost. They will instead be advised to take their time to produce songs of good commercial value. 7th record will organize talent hunt reality shows to assist financially handicap but talented locals. This will be a tool to create more awareness as a start-up business. 5.3 Sales Strategy Our sales strategy will focus on the two market segments. We keep close relationship with affiliated record retailers and provide them with more attractive discounts per CD. 7th record will introduce online CD sales as never been adopted before in the Nigeria industry. The idea will go beyond just downloading to online purchase and delivery. It has been discovered that fans tend to patronize an album more immediately after a concert performance. We will employ this strategy for CD distribution during and after any concert performance. Another channel for generating revenue will be from contract buyout. At some point there will be possibilities for some of our signed bands to receive an offer from another label for the purpose of profit making. These labels will have to pay an amount that will decide upon if such contracts will be considered. As a result all our singings will be patented to avoid breach in contract at any point in time. Our studio will be commercialized to labels or artist/band who wishes to do production work. They will buy studio sessions and pay production fees. Other services would be; Studio time Mastering and Mixing CD production (recording, labeling and max producing a CD) Other assisted services 6.0 Sales Forecast As I earlier discussed, the success of a record label greatly depend on its popularity and Fan acceptance. As a result, a graphical representation will present a clearer picture of my sales forecast. 7.0 Milestone Several procedural steps have been established to achieve all laid down plan. These steps are time framed and responsibilities have shared among the will be staffs. Milestone Start date End date budget Staff responsibility Business plan completion 12/05/10 15/06/10 $0 Manager Label licensing 18/06/10 19/06/10 $350 P.R.O Signing of artist/bands 25/06/10 Open to decision $12,000 Entire management Arrangement for Tours 15/07/10 22/07/10 $0 P.R.O Production of first compilation of CD and Networking with key players in the Media industry and record retailers 01/08/10 31/08/10 $1,250 Producer, and P.R.O Promotion and marketing of music albums 02/09/10 continuing $6,200 Marketing personnel Arrangement for Live concert performance 08/09/10 continuing $0 Entire management 8.0 Monitoring and Evaluation After the successful establishment of 7th record label, every operation will be under little or no supervision as a result of this fact, before employees are absorbed they will go through an interview where they will be asked to sign an agreement stating their employment will be held on the ground of result delivery i.e. if for any reason gap is experienced in any department drastic measures will be taken that may lead to a staff member losing the job. This is not a way of acting cruel but to enhance seriousness on the part of our employees.